Internet Terms and Definitions

Internet Terms and Definitions

• Anti-Virus Program - A utility that searches a hard disk for viruses and removes any that are found. Most antivirus programs include an auto-update feature that enables the program to download profiles of new viruses so that it can check for the new viruses as soon as they are discovered.
• APPLET - applet is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a dedicated widget engine or a larger program, often as a plug-in. The term is frequently used to refer to a Java applet, a program written in the Java programming language that is designed to be placed on a web page. Applets are typical examples of transient and auxiliary applications that don't monopolize the user's attention. Applets are not full-featured application programs, and are intended to be easily accessible
• ARCHIVE - is a “DIGITAL LIBRARY” provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including web sites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books. 
• ASCII - abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII^[2]). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which includes ASCII as a subset. 
• BANDWIDTH - is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a continuous set of frequencies. It is typically measured in hertz, and may sometimes refer to pass band bandwidth, sometimes to baseband bandwidth, depending on context.
• BAUDRATE - In digital communications, symbol rate, also known as baud rate and modulation rate, is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling events, across the transmission medium per time unit using a digitally modulated signal or a line code. The symbol rate is measured in baud (Bd) or symbols per second. In the case of a line code, the symbol rate is the pulse rate in pulses per second. Each symbol can represent or convey one or several bits of data. The symbol rate is related to the gross bitrate expressed in bits per second. 
• BBS - A bulletin board system, or BBS, is a computer server running custom software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program. 
• BINARY - represents text or computer processor instructions using the binary number system's two binary digits, 0 and 1. The binary code assigns a bit string to each symbol or instruction. For example, a binary string of eight binary digits (bits) can represent any of 256 possible values and can therefore correspond to a variety of different symbols, letters or instructions.
• BITMAP - a bitmap is a mapping from some domain (for example, a range of integers) to bits, that is, values which are zero or one. It is also called a bit array or bitmap index.
• BLOG - is a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete entries ("posts") typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears first). 
• BOOKMARK -  is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that is stored for later retrieval in any of various storage formats. All modern web browsers include bookmark features. 
• BOUNCE – bounce or bounce rate is an Internet marketing term used in web traffic analysis. It represents the percentage of visitors who enter the site and then leave ("bounce") rather than continuing on to view other pages within the same site. 
• BUG - is an error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program system or its via internet that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways. Most bugs arise from mistakes and errors made by people in either a program's source code or its design, or in frameworks and operating systems used by such programs, and a few are caused by compilers producing incorrect code. 
• BYTE - is a Unicode character, U+FEFF byte order mark (BOM), whose appearance as a magic number at the start of a text stream can signal several things to a program consuming the text
• CCI- Copy Control Information (or CCI) is a two byte flag included in digital television streams that allows content owners to specify how content can be duplicated. It is a form of digital rights management.
• CHAIN LETTER - consists of a message that attempts to convince the recipient to make a number of copies of the letter and then pass them on to as many recipients as possible. 
• CHAT - may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in order to enable other participants to respond quickly.
• CHAT ROOMS - is primarily used to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even a synchronous conferencing. The term can thus mean any technology ranging from real-time online chat and online interaction with strangers (e.g., online forums) to fully immersive graphical social environments.
• CLIENT - is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server. The server is often (but not always) on another computer system, in which case the client accesses the service by way of a network.^[1] The term applies to programs or devices that are part of a client–server model. 
• COUNTER - A web counter or hit counter is a computer software program that indicates the number of visitors, or hits, a particular webpage has received. Once set up, these counters will be incremented by one every time the web page is accessed in a web browser. 
• CYBER SPACE - is "the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs. 
• DATABASE - s an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects.
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• DEDICATED LINE - In computer networks and telecommunications, a dedicated line is a communications cable or other facility dedicated to a specific application, in contrast with a shared resource such as the telephone network or the Internet.
• DIAL-UP - a computer connection that is brought up and brought down as needed - a simple version is dialing in to a service provider over a modem as a dumb terminal - SLIP and PPP can also be dial-up connections - also known as a switched connection.
• DOMAIN NAME - is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names can also be thought of as a location where certain information or activities can be found.
• DOWN LOAD -  In computer networks, to download is to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar systems. This contrasts with uploading, where data is sent to a remote server..
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• ELECTRONIC MAIL (EMAIL) - a software application that allows one to exchange messages with someone else.
• ETHERNET - a method for directly connecting a computer to a network in the same physical location - much faster connection than SLIP or PPP. 
• FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions document which answers FAQs about various subjects. 
• FIREWALL - is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. 
• FRAME - is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunication. A frame typically includes frame synchronization features consisting of a sequence of bits or symbols that indicate to the receiver the beginning and end of the payload data within the stream of symbols or bits it receives. If a receiver is connected to the system in the middle of a frame transmission, it ignores the data until it detects a new frame synchronization sequence. 
• FREEWARE - is computer software that is available for use at no monetary cost, which may have restrictions such as redistribution prohibited, and for which source code is not available.
• FTP - File Transfer Protocol a method of serving and obtaining files over the Internet.
• GIF - Graphics Interchange Format better name a GIF  is a bitmap image format that was introduced by Computer Serve in 1987 and has since come into widespread usage on the World Wide Web due to its wide support and portability.
• GIGABYTE - The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. It is a member of the set of units with binary prefixes defined by the International Electro technical Commission (IEC). Its unit symbol is GIB.
• HACKER - someone who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a computer system or computer network that destroys or modified some web pages that owned by a company or someone.
• HEADER - header refers to supplemental data placed at the beginning of a block of data being stored or transmitted. In data transmission, the data following the header are sometimes called the payload or body. 
• HITS - Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS; also known as hubs and authorities) is a link analysis algorithm that rates Web pages, developed by Jon Kleinberg. The idea behind Hubs and Authorities stemmed from a particular insight into the creation of web pages when the Internet was originally forming; that is, certain web pages, known as hubs, served as large directories that were not actually authoritative in the information that it held, but were used as compilations of a broad catalog of information that led users directly to other authoritative pages. In other words, a good hub represented a page that pointed to many other pages, and a good authority represented a page that was linked by many different hubs.
• HOME PAGE - A home page or index page is the initial or main web page of a website. It is sometimes also called the front page or main page or written as "homepage."
• HOST – Host or network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. A network host may offer information resources, services, and applications to users or other nodes on the network. A network host is a network node that is assigned a network layer host address. 
• HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language, commonly referred to as HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology, used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications. Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.
• HTTP - The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text. HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext.
• HYPERLINK - a hyperlink is a reference to data that the reader can directly follow either by clicking or by hovering. A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a document. Hypertext is text with hyperlinks. A software system that's used for viewing and creating hypertext is a hypertext system, and to create a hyperlink is to hyperlink (or simply to link). A user following hyperlinks is said to navigate or browse the hypertext. 
• HYPERTEXT - Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references (hyperlinks) to other text which the reader can immediately access, or where text can be revealed progressively at multiple levels of detail (also called StretchText).^[1] The hypertext pages are interconnected by hyperlinks, typically activated by a mouse click, keypress sequence or by touching the screen. Apart from text, hypertext is sometimes used to describe tables, images and other presentational content forms with hyperlinks. Hypertext is the underlying concept defining the structure of the World Wide Web,^[2] with pages often written in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). It enables an easy-to-use and flexible connection and sharing of information over the Internet.